The criminal insurgency, a challenge to National Security for Guatemala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36958/sep.v6i2.180Keywords:
criminal insurgency, criminal activities, emerging criminal gangs, criminological policiesAbstract
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the security situation in Guatemala, after years of internal armed confrontation in the country, and the signing of Peace Agreements, produces a debate regarding the need to update procedures, means and capabilities of the Security Forces Public and Armed Forces, to adapt to the new criminal threats of emerging criminal gangs in increasingly extensive territorial spaces, which poses new challenges to the Security of the Nation. METHOD: mixed research approach, developed through bibliographic analysis of different authors regarding this topic, as well as individual interviews and surveys with personnel from different Guatemalan institutions belonging to the National Security Systems and Intelligence, and independent analysts, experts on the subject of criminal insurgency and its impact on the Security of the Nation. RESULTS: the main finding detected consists of the complex process of transformation from organized crime to a criminal insurgency, and how this new challenge must be addressed and minimized as soon as possible. CONCLUSION: it is necessary to counteract this new series of criminal actions that are affecting Guatemala, and whose effect can also threaten the Security of the Nation of El Salvador and Honduras, this requires the implementation of effective criminological policies, which equally involve the security forces, police and military, and other governmental, non-governmental institutions and private initiatives, with the aim of achieving and maintaining true National Security for the country.
Downloads
References
Alarcón Duque, A.J. (2016). “Política Criminal en Guatemala.” Instituto de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Universidad Rafael Landívar. Guatemala
Arratia Sandoval, E. (2015). “¿Insurgencia Criminal?: La cambiante naturaleza del Crimen Organizado Transnacional en México y Centroamérica.” Estudios de Seguridad y Defensa. Chile. Proyecto IN201503
Barreno Castillo, R. (2022). “Lucha contra las pandillas: La mano dura ha sido rentable política y electoralmente.” Prensa Libre. Recuperado de https://www.prensalibre.com/guatemala/justicia/lucha-contra-las-pandillas-la-mano-dura-ha-sido-rentable-politica-y-electoralmente/
Caballero-Mariscal, D. (2018). “Ecos del enfrentamiento armado guatemalteco veinte años después del conflicto. El arraigo de la violencia.” Universidad de Granada. España. LiminaR vol.16 no.1 San Cristóbal de las Casas DOI: https://doi.org/10.29043/liminar.v16i1.570
Centro de Observancia en Seguridad Ciudadana. (2019). “Avances y Retos en Seguridad y Justicia 2019-2024.” CIEN. Guatemala. Coalición por la Seguridad Ciudadana.D'Odorico, J.C. (2010). “La Guerra No Convencional. Capitulo IV: El Terrorismo en la Guerra Irregular.” Air University Review and Air & Space Power Journal. Estados Unidos de America
ContraPunto. (2016). “GANSEG. Anticrimen entre El Salvador y Guatemala.” ContraPunto. Recuperado de https://www.contrapunto.com.sv/politica/gobierno/-ganseg-anticrimen-entre-el-salvador-y-guatemala/1430
Contreras, G. (2014). “Identificadas 10 rutas del narcotráfico.” Prensa Libre. Recuperado de https://www.prensalibre.com/guatemala/justicia/nacionales-identificadas-10-rutas-del-narcotrafico-autoridades_0_1234076593-html/
Gramajo, J. (2018). “Estudio revela cuántos pandilleros existen en Guatemala.” Soy502. Recuperado de https://www.soy502.com/articulo/estudio-revela-cuantos-pandilleros-existen-pais-100931
InSight Crime. (2015). “Informe especial: Pandillas en Honduras.” InSight Crime. Recuperado de https://es.insightcrime.org/investigaciones/informe-especial-pandillas-en-honduras/
La Prensa Gráfica. (2017). “Las pandillas en El Salvador. Insurgencia Criminal.” La Prensa Gráfica. Recuperado de https://www.laprensagrafica.com/opinion/Las-pandillas-en-El-Salvador.-Insurgencia-Criminal-20170715-0066.html
Magaña, Y. (2018). “En El Salvador hay 118,000 miembros de pandillas dice subdirector de la PNC.” elMundo. Recuperado de https://diario.elmundo.sv/nacionales/en-el-salvador-hay-118000-miembros-de-pandillas-dice-subdirector-de-la-pnc
Ospina, Guillermo Andrés, Hernández Tinajero, Jorge, Jelsma, Martín. Transnational Institute (2018). “Amapola, opio y heroína. La producción de Colombia y México.” TNI. Recuperado de https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/amapola_opio_y_heroina_la_produccion_de_colombia_y_mexico_web_0.pdf
Publinews. (2023). “Guatemala ha detenido a 58 pandilleros salvadoreños.” Publinews. Recuperado de https://www.publinews.gt/gt/noticias/2023/06/04/guatemala-ha-detenido-58-pandilleros-salvadorenos-junio-2023.html
Pulido, J. (2017). “La Amenaza de la Insurgencia Criminal en Colombia: el concepto de Inteligencia Híbrida como nueva forma de adaptación de las Estrategias tradicionales contrainsurgentes.” Revista UNISCI. Recuperado de http://www.unisci.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/UNISCIDP44-3-PULIDO.pdf
Soy502. (2017). “Así nacieron las maras en Guatemala.” Soy502. Recuperado de https://www.soy502.com/articulo/asi-nacieron-maras-guatemala-149
Sullivan, J.P. (2012). “Insurgencia Criminal: Narcocultura, Bandidos Sociales y Operaciones de Información.” Small Wars Journal. Recuperado de https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/insurgencia-criminal-narcocultura-bandidos-sociales-y-operaciones-de-información
Rojas Aravena, F. (2002). “El Terrorismo Global y América Latina.” FLACSO. Chile. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.Subsecretaría de Seguridad en Asuntos Policiales. (2022). “HONDURAS. Análisis multidimensional de la Seguridad ciudadana. Enero – Septiembre 2022.” Gobierno de la República. Honduras
Valencia, R. (2020). “Bukele contra las maras: cuáles son las principales pandillas de El Salvador y por qué es tan peligroso que las mezclen en las cárceles.” BBC. Recuperado de https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52466682
WOLA. (2020). “Criminalidad e Inseguridad en Guatemala.” Oficina en Washington para Asuntos Latinoamericanos. Estados Unidos de America
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jorge Francisco Girón Mendizábal
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
- The authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the right of the first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons 4.0 attribution license, which allows third parties to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work already the first publication in this magazine.
- Authors may make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) provided that they clearly indicate that the work it was first published in this magazine.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to share their work online (for example: in institutional repositories or personal web pages) before and during the manuscript submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, more and more quick citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).