Dialogues on first, second, and third-order epistemologies: from classical objectivism to transdisciplinary complexity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36958/sep.v8i1.304Keywords:
Epistemology, classical objectivism, critical constructivism, epistemic complexity, transdisciplinarity, epistemological pluralism, ancestral knowledge, dialogue of knowledgeAbstract
OBJECTIVE: this article aims to understand epistemology through its three orders—first, second, and third—by analyzing their foundations, historical evolution, and contributions to the construction of a more complex and integrative form of knowledge, particularly within the framework of inter- and transdisciplinary dialogue. METHOD: a critical literature review was conducted using a qualitative approach grounded in the transmethode of inter- and transdisciplinary understanding. The selection of sources included classical and contemporary texts from recognized academic databases, prioritizing epistemic diversity and argumentative rigor. The analysis was structured into three dimensions: historical evolution, ontological-methodological categories, and the dialogical potential of each epistemological order. RESULTS: the study shows that the three epistemological orders—objectivist, constructivist, and complex—offer distinct understandings of knowledge. The first order supports classical science, the second introduces critical reflexivity, and the third proposes a rhizomatic, ethical, and contextual integration. The articulation among these orders enhances investigative and educational practice in complex contexts. CONCLUSIONS: integrating the different epistemological levels within a comprehensive framework helps overcome the fragmentation of knowledge. The article reaffirms the need to foster inter- and transdisciplinary dialogue as a pathway to enrich the production of situated, plural, and relational knowledge. Researchers are encouraged to incorporate diverse perspectives that broaden and deepen the understanding of cognitive, social, and cultural processes.
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